# count#

Methods to estimate latent structures used for confident learning, including:

• Latent prior of the unobserved, error-less labels: py: p(y)

• Latent noisy channel (noise matrix) characterizing the flipping rates: nm: P(given label | true label)

• Latent inverse noise matrix characterizing the flipping process: inv: P(true label | given label)

• Latent confident_joint, an un-normalized matrix that counts the confident subset of label errors under the joint distribution for true/given label

These are estimated from a classification dataset. This module considers two types of datasets:

• standard (multi-class) classification where each example is labeled as belonging to exactly one of K classes (e.g. labels = np.array([0,0,1,0,2,1]))

• multi-label classification where each example can be labeled as belonging to multiple classes (e.g. labels = [[1,2],[1],[0],[],...])

Functions:

 calibrate_confident_joint(confident_joint, ...) Calibrates any confident joint estimate P(label=i, true_label=j) such that np.sum(cj) == len(labels) and np.sum(cj, axis = 1) == np.bincount(labels). compute_confident_joint(labels, pred_probs, *) Estimates the confident counts of latent true vs observed noisy labels for the examples in our dataset. Estimates P(labels, y), the confident counts of the latent joint distribution of true and noisy labels using observed labels and predicted probabilities pred_probs. This function computes the out-of-sample predicted probability [P(label=k|x)] for every example in X using cross validation. estimate_joint(labels, pred_probs, *[, ...]) Estimates the joint distribution of label noise P(label=i, true_label=j) guaranteed to: estimate_latent(confident_joint, labels, *) Computes the latent prior p(y), the noise matrix P(labels|y) and the inverse noise matrix P(y|labels) from the confident_joint count(labels, y). estimate_noise_matrices(X, labels[, clf, ...]) Estimates the noise_matrix of shape (K, K). Computes the confident counts estimate of latent variables py and the noise rates using observed labels and predicted probabilities, pred_probs. This function computes the out-of-sample predicted probability P(label=k|x) for every example x in X using cross validation while also computing the confident counts noise rates within each cross-validated subset and returning the average noise rate across all examples. get_confident_thresholds(labels, pred_probs) Returns expected (average) "self-confidence" for each class. num_label_issues(labels, pred_probs, *[, ...]) Estimates the number of label issues in a classification dataset.
cleanlab.count.calibrate_confident_joint(confident_joint, labels, *, multi_label=False)[source]#

Calibrates any confident joint estimate P(label=i, true_label=j) such that np.sum(cj) == len(labels) and np.sum(cj, axis = 1) == np.bincount(labels).

In other words, this function forces the confident joint to have the true noisy prior p(labels) (summed over columns for each row) and also forces the confident joint to add up to the total number of examples.

This method makes the confident joint a valid counts estimate of the actual joint of noisy and true labels.

Parameters:
• confident_joint (np.ndarray) – An array of shape (K, K) representing the confident joint, the matrix used for identifying label issues, which estimates a confident subset of the joint distribution of the noisy and true labels, P_{noisy label, true label}. Entry (j, k) in the matrix is the number of examples confidently counted into the pair of (noisy label=j, true label=k) classes. The confident_joint can be computed using count.compute_confident_joint. If not provided, it is computed from the given (noisy) labels and pred_probs. If multi_label is True, then the confident_joint should be a one-vs-rest array of shape (K, 2, 2), and an array of the same shape will be returned.

• labels (np.ndarray or list) – Given class labels for each example in the dataset, some of which may be erroneous, in same format expected by filter.find_label_issues function.

• multi_label (bool, optional) – If False, dataset is for regular (multi-class) classification, where each example belongs to exactly one class. If True, dataset is for multi-label classification, where each example can belong to multiple classes. See documentation of compute_confident_joint for details. In multi-label classification, the confident/calibrated joint arrays have shape (K, 2, 2) formatted in a one-vs-rest fashion such that they contain a 2x2 matrix for each class that counts examples which are correctly/incorrectly labeled as belonging to that class. After calibration, the entries in each class-specific 2x2 matrix will sum to the number of examples.

Return type:

ndarray

Returns:

calibrated_cj (np.ndarray) – An array of shape (K, K) representing a valid estimate of the joint counts of noisy and true labels (if multi_label is False). If multi_label is True, the returned calibrated_cj is instead an one-vs-rest array of shape (K, 2, 2), where for class c: entry (c, 0, 0) in this one-vs-rest array is the number of examples whose noisy label contains c confidently identified as truly belonging to class c as well. Entry (c, 1, 0) in this one-vs-rest array is the number of examples whose noisy label contains c confidently identified as not actually belonging to class c. Entry (c, 0, 1) in this one-vs-rest array is the number of examples whose noisy label does not contain c confidently identified as truly belonging to class c. Entry (c, 1, 1) in this one-vs-rest array is the number of examples whose noisy label does not contain c confidently identified as actually not belonging to class c as well.

cleanlab.count.compute_confident_joint(labels, pred_probs, *, thresholds=None, calibrate=True, multi_label=False, return_indices_of_off_diagonals=False)[source]#

Estimates the confident counts of latent true vs observed noisy labels for the examples in our dataset. This array of shape (K, K) is called the confident joint and contains counts of examples in every class, confidently labeled as every other class. These counts may subsequently be used to estimate the joint distribution of true and noisy labels (by normalizing them to frequencies).

Important: this function assumes that pred_probs are out-of-sample holdout probabilities. This can be done with cross validation. If the probabilities are not computed out-of-sample, overfitting may occur.

Parameters:
• labels (np.ndarray or list) – Given class labels for each example in the dataset, some of which may be erroneous, in same format expected by filter.find_label_issues function.

• pred_probs (np.ndarray) – Model-predicted class probabilities for each example in the dataset, in same format expected by filter.find_label_issues function.

• thresholds (array_like, optional) –

An array of shape (K, 1) or (K,) of per-class threshold probabilities, used to determine the cutoff probability necessary to consider an example as a given class label (see Northcutt et al., 2021, Section 3.1, Equation 2).

This is for advanced users only. If not specified, these are computed for you automatically. If an example has a predicted probability greater than this threshold, it is counted as having true_label = k. This is not used for pruning/filtering, only for estimating the noise rates using confident counts.

• calibrate (bool, default True) – Calibrates confident joint estimate P(label=i, true_label=j) such that np.sum(cj) == len(labels) and np.sum(cj, axis = 1) == np.bincount(labels). When calibrate=True, this method returns an estimate of the latent true joint counts of noisy and true labels.

• multi_label (bool, optional) – If True, this is multi-label classification dataset (where each example can belong to more than one class) rather than a regular (multi-class) classifiction dataset. In this case, labels should be an iterable (e.g. list) of iterables (e.g. List[List[int]]), containing the list of classes to which each example belongs, instead of just a single class. Example of labels for a multi-label classification dataset: [[0,1], [1], [0,2], [0,1,2], [0], [1], [], ...].

• return_indices_of_off_diagonals (bool, optional) – If True, returns indices of examples that were counted in off-diagonals of confident joint as a baseline proxy for the label issues. This sometimes works as well as filter.find_label_issues(confident_joint).

Return type:

Union[ndarray, Tuple[ndarray, list]]

Returns:

confident_joint_counts (np.ndarray) – An array of shape (K, K) representing counts of examples

for which we are confident about their given and true label (if multi_label is False). If multi_label is True, this array instead has shape (K, 2, 2) representing a one-vs-rest format for the confident joint, where for each class c: Entry (c, 0, 0) in this one-vs-rest array is the number of examples whose noisy label contains c confidently identified as truly belonging to class c as well. Entry (c, 1, 0) in this one-vs-rest array is the number of examples whose noisy label contains c confidently identified as not actually belonging to class c. Entry (c, 0, 1) in this one-vs-rest array is the number of examples whose noisy label does not contain c confidently identified as truly belonging to class c. Entry (c, 1, 1) in this one-vs-rest array is the number of examples whose noisy label does not contain c confidently identified as actually not belonging to class c as well.

If return_indices_of_off_diagonals is set as True, this function instead returns a tuple (confident_joint, indices_off_diagonal) where indices_off_diagonal is a list of arrays and each array contains the indices of examples counted in off-diagonals of confident joint.

Note

We provide a for-loop based simplification of the confident joint below. This implementation is not efficient, not used in practice, and not complete, but covers the gist of how the confident joint is computed:

# Confident examples are those that we are confident have true_label = k
# Estimate (K, K) matrix of confident examples with label = k_s and true_label = k_y
cj_ish = np.zeros((K, K))
for k_s in range(K): # k_s is the class value k of noisy labels s
for k_y in range(K): # k_y is the (guessed) class k of true_label k_y
cj_ish[k_s][k_y] = sum((pred_probs[:,k_y] >= (thresholds[k_y] - 1e-8)) & (labels == k_s))


The following is a vectorized (but non-parallelized) implementation of the confident joint, again slow, using for-loops/simplified for understanding. This implementation is 100% accurate, it’s just not optimized for speed.

confident_joint = np.zeros((K, K), dtype = int)
for i, row in enumerate(pred_probs):
s_label = labels[i]
confident_bins = row >= thresholds - 1e-6
num_confident_bins = sum(confident_bins)
if num_confident_bins == 1:
confident_joint[s_label][np.argmax(confident_bins)] += 1
elif num_confident_bins > 1:
confident_joint[s_label][np.argmax(row)] += 1

cleanlab.count.estimate_confident_joint_and_cv_pred_proba(X, labels, clf=LogisticRegression(), *, cv_n_folds=5, thresholds=None, seed=None, calibrate=True, clf_kwargs={}, validation_func=None)[source]#

Estimates P(labels, y), the confident counts of the latent joint distribution of true and noisy labels using observed labels and predicted probabilities pred_probs.

The output of this function is an array of shape (K, K).

Under certain conditions, estimates are exact, and in many conditions, estimates are within one percent of actual.

Notes: There are two ways to compute the confident joint with pros/cons. (1) For each holdout set, we compute the confident joint, then sum them up. (2) Compute pred_proba for each fold, combine, compute the confident joint. (1) is more accurate because it correctly computes thresholds for each fold (2) is more accurate when you have only a little data because it computes the confident joint using all the probabilities. For example if you had 100 examples, with 5-fold cross validation + uniform p(y) you would only have 20 examples to compute each confident joint for (1). Such small amounts of data is bound to result in estimation errors. For this reason, we implement (2), but we implement (1) as a commented out function at the end of this file.

Parameters:
• X (np.ndarray or pd.DataFrame) –

Input feature matrix of shape (N, ...), where N is the number of examples. The classifier that this instance was initialized with,

clf, must be able to fit() and predict() data with this format.

• labels (np.ndarray or pd.Series) – A 1D array of shape (N,) containing class labels for a standard (multi-class) classification dataset. Some given labels may be erroneous. Elements must be integers in the set 0, 1, …, K-1, where K is the number of classes. All classes must be present in the dataset.

• clf (estimator instance, optional) – A classifier implementing the sklearn estimator API.

• cv_n_folds (int, default 5) – The number of cross-validation folds used to compute out-of-sample predicted probabilities for each example in X.

• thresholds (array_like, optional) –

An array of shape (K, 1) or (K,) of per-class threshold probabilities, used to determine the cutoff probability necessary to consider an example as a given class label (see Northcutt et al., 2021, Section 3.1, Equation 2).

This is for advanced users only. If not specified, these are computed for you automatically. If an example has a predicted probability greater than this threshold, it is counted as having true_label = k. This is not used for pruning/filtering, only for estimating the noise rates using confident counts.

• seed (int, optional) – Set the default state of the random number generator used to split the cross-validated folds. If None, uses np.random current random state.

• calibrate (bool, default True) – Calibrates confident joint estimate P(label=i, true_label=j) such that np.sum(cj) == len(labels) and np.sum(cj, axis = 1) == np.bincount(labels).

• clf_kwargs (dict, optional) – Optional keyword arguments to pass into clf’s fit() method.

• validation_func (callable, optional) – Specifies how to map the validation data split in cross-validation as input for clf.fit(). For details, see the documentation of CleanLearning.fit

Return type:

Tuple[ndarray, ndarray]

Returns:

estimates (tuple) – Tuple of two numpy arrays in the form: (joint counts matrix, predicted probability matrix)

Note

Multi-label classification is not supported in this method.

cleanlab.count.estimate_cv_predicted_probabilities(X, labels, clf=LogisticRegression(), *, cv_n_folds=5, seed=None, clf_kwargs={}, validation_func=None)[source]#

This function computes the out-of-sample predicted probability [P(label=k|x)] for every example in X using cross validation. Output is a np.ndarray of shape (N, K) where N is the number of training examples and K is the number of classes.

Parameters:
• X (np.ndarray) – Input feature matrix of shape (N, ...), where N is the number of examples. The classifier that this instance was initialized with, clf, must be able to handle data with this shape.

• labels (np.ndarray) – A 1D array of shape (N,) containing class labels for a standard (multi-class) classification dataset. Some given labels may be erroneous. Elements must be integers in the set 0, 1, …, K-1, where K is the number of classes. All classes must be present in the dataset.

• clf (estimator instance, optional) –

A classifier implementing the sklearn estimator API.

• cv_n_folds (int, default 5) – The number of cross-validation folds used to compute out-of-sample probabilities for each example in X.

• seed (int, optional) – Set the default state of the random number generator used to split the cross-validated folds. If None, uses np.random current random state.

• clf_kwargs (dict, optional) – Optional keyword arguments to pass into clf’s fit() method.

• validation_func (callable, optional) – Specifies how to map the validation data split in cross-validation as input for clf.fit(). For details, see the documentation of CleanLearning.fit

Return type:

ndarray

Returns:

pred_probs (np.ndarray) – An array of shape (N, K) representing P(label=k|x), the model-predicted probabilities. Each row of this matrix corresponds to an example x and contains the model-predicted probabilities that x belongs to each possible class.

cleanlab.count.estimate_joint(labels, pred_probs, *, confident_joint=None, multi_label=False)[source]#

Estimates the joint distribution of label noise P(label=i, true_label=j) guaranteed to:

• Sum to 1

• Satisfy np.sum(joint_estimate, axis = 1) == p(labels)

Parameters:
• labels (np.ndarray or list) – Given class labels for each example in the dataset, some of which may be erroneous, in same format expected by filter.find_label_issues function.

• pred_probs (np.ndarray) – Model-predicted class probabilities for each example in the dataset, in same format expected by filter.find_label_issues function.

• confident_joint (np.ndarray, optional) – Array of estimated class label error statisics used for identifying label issues, in same format expected by filter.find_label_issues function. The confident_joint can be computed using count.compute_confident_joint. If not provided, it is internally computed from the given (noisy) labels and pred_probs.

• multi_label (bool, optional) – If False, dataset is for regular (multi-class) classification, where each example belongs to exactly one class. If True, dataset is for multi-label classification, where each example can belong to multiple classes. See documentation of compute_confident_joint for details.

Return type:

ndarray

Returns:

confident_joint_distribution (np.ndarray) – An array of shape (K, K) representing an estimate of the true joint distribution of noisy and true labels (if multi_label is False). If multi_label is True, an array of shape (K, 2, 2) representing an estimate of the true joint distribution of noisy and true labels for each class in a one-vs-rest fashion. Entry (c, i, j) in this array is the number of examples confidently counted into a (class c, noisy label=i, true label=j) bin, where i, j are either 0 or 1 to denote whether this example belongs to class c or not (recall examples can belong to multiple classes in multi-label classification).

cleanlab.count.estimate_latent(confident_joint, labels, *, py_method='cnt', converge_latent_estimates=False)[source]#

Computes the latent prior p(y), the noise matrix P(labels|y) and the inverse noise matrix P(y|labels) from the confident_joint count(labels, y). The confident_joint can be estimated by compute_confident_joint <cleanlab.count.compute_confident_joint> which counts confident examples.

Parameters:
• confident_joint (np.ndarray) – An array of shape (K, K) representing the confident joint, the matrix used for identifying label issues, which estimates a confident subset of the joint distribution of the noisy and true labels, P_{noisy label, true label}. Entry (j, k) in the matrix is the number of examples confidently counted into the pair of (noisy label=j, true label=k) classes. The confident_joint can be computed using count.compute_confident_joint. If not provided, it is computed from the given (noisy) labels and pred_probs.

• labels (np.ndarray) – A 1D array of shape (N,) containing class labels for a standard (multi-class) classification dataset. Some given labels may be erroneous. Elements must be integers in the set 0, 1, …, K-1, where K is the number of classes.

• py_method ({"cnt", "eqn", "marginal", "marginal_ps"}, default "cnt") – py is shorthand for the “class proportions (a.k.a prior) of the true labels”. This method defines how to compute the latent prior p(true_label=k). Default is "cnt", which works well even when the noise matrices are estimated poorly by using the matrix diagonals instead of all the probabilities.

• converge_latent_estimates (bool, optional) – If True, forces numerical consistency of estimates. Each is estimated independently, but they are related mathematically with closed form equivalences. This will iteratively make them mathematically consistent.

Return type:

Tuple[ndarray, ndarray, ndarray]

Returns:

tuple – A tuple containing (py, noise_matrix, inv_noise_matrix).

Note

Multi-label classification is not supported in this method.

cleanlab.count.estimate_noise_matrices(X, labels, clf=LogisticRegression(), *, cv_n_folds=5, thresholds=None, converge_latent_estimates=True, seed=None, clf_kwargs={}, validation_func=None)[source]#

Estimates the noise_matrix of shape (K, K). This is the fraction of examples in every class, labeled as every other class. The noise_matrix is a conditional probability matrix for P(label=k_s|true_label=k_y).

Under certain conditions, estimates are exact, and in most conditions, estimates are within one percent of the actual noise rates.

Parameters:
• X (np.ndarray) – Input feature matrix of shape (N, ...), where N is the number of examples. The classifier that this instance was initialized with, clf, must be able to handle data with this shape.

• labels (np.ndarray) – An array of shape (N,) of noisy labels, i.e. some labels may be erroneous. Elements must be integers in the set 0, 1, …, K-1, where K is the number of classes.

• clf (estimator instance, optional) –

A classifier implementing the sklearn estimator API.

• cv_n_folds (int, default 5) – The number of cross-validation folds used to compute out-of-sample probabilities for each example in X.

• thresholds (array_like, optional) –

An array of shape (K, 1) or (K,) of per-class threshold probabilities, used to determine the cutoff probability necessary to consider an example as a given class label (see Northcutt et al., 2021, Section 3.1, Equation 2).

This is for advanced users only. If not specified, these are computed for you automatically. If an example has a predicted probability greater than this threshold, it is counted as having true_label = k. This is not used for pruning/filtering, only for estimating the noise rates using confident counts.

• converge_latent_estimates (bool, optional) – If True, forces numerical consistency of estimates. Each is estimated independently, but they are related mathematically with closed form equivalences. This will iteratively make them mathematically consistent.

• seed (int, optional) – Set the default state of the random number generator used to split the cross-validated folds. If None, uses np.random current random state.

• clf_kwargs (dict, optional) – Optional keyword arguments to pass into clf’s fit() method.

• validation_func (callable, optional) – Specifies how to map the validation data split in cross-validation as input for clf.fit(). For details, see the documentation of CleanLearning.fit

Return type:

Tuple[ndarray, ndarray]

Returns:

estimates (tuple) – A tuple containing arrays (noise_matrix, inv_noise_matrix).

cleanlab.count.estimate_py_and_noise_matrices_from_probabilities(labels, pred_probs, *, thresholds=None, converge_latent_estimates=True, py_method='cnt', calibrate=True)[source]#

Computes the confident counts estimate of latent variables py and the noise rates using observed labels and predicted probabilities, pred_probs.

Important: this function assumes that pred_probs are out-of-sample holdout probabilities. This can be done with cross validation. If the probabilities are not computed out-of-sample, overfitting may occur.

This function estimates the noise_matrix of shape (K, K). This is the fraction of examples in every class, labeled as every other class. The noise_matrix is a conditional probability matrix for P(label=k_s|true_label=k_y).

Under certain conditions, estimates are exact, and in most conditions, estimates are within one percent of the actual noise rates.

Parameters:
• labels (np.ndarray) – A 1D array of shape (N,) containing class labels for a standard (multi-class) classification dataset. Some given labels may be erroneous. Elements must be integers in the set 0, 1, …, K-1, where K is the number of classes.

• pred_probs (np.ndarray) – Model-predicted class probabilities for each example in the dataset, in same format expected by filter.find_label_issues function.

• thresholds (array_like, optional) –

An array of shape (K, 1) or (K,) of per-class threshold probabilities, used to determine the cutoff probability necessary to consider an example as a given class label (see Northcutt et al., 2021, Section 3.1, Equation 2).

This is for advanced users only. If not specified, these are computed for you automatically. If an example has a predicted probability greater than this threshold, it is counted as having true_label = k. This is not used for pruning/filtering, only for estimating the noise rates using confident counts.

• converge_latent_estimates (bool, optional) – If True, forces numerical consistency of estimates. Each is estimated independently, but they are related mathematically with closed form equivalences. This will iteratively make them mathematically consistent.

• py_method ({"cnt", "eqn", "marginal", "marginal_ps"}, default "cnt") – How to compute the latent prior p(true_label=k). Default is "cnt" as it often works well even when the noise matrices are estimated poorly by using the matrix diagonals instead of all the probabilities.

• calibrate (bool, default True) – Calibrates confident joint estimate P(label=i, true_label=j) such that np.sum(cj) == len(labels) and np.sum(cj, axis = 1) == np.bincount(labels).

Return type:

Tuple[ndarray, ndarray, ndarray, ndarray]

Returns:

estimates (tuple) – A tuple of arrays: (py, noise_matrix, inverse_noise_matrix, confident_joint).

Note

Multi-label classification is not supported in this method.

cleanlab.count.estimate_py_noise_matrices_and_cv_pred_proba(X, labels, clf=LogisticRegression(), *, cv_n_folds=5, thresholds=None, converge_latent_estimates=False, py_method='cnt', seed=None, clf_kwargs={}, validation_func=None)[source]#

This function computes the out-of-sample predicted probability P(label=k|x) for every example x in X using cross validation while also computing the confident counts noise rates within each cross-validated subset and returning the average noise rate across all examples.

This function estimates the noise_matrix of shape (K, K). This is the fraction of examples in every class, labeled as every other class. The noise_matrix is a conditional probability matrix for P(label=k_s|true_label=k_y).

Under certain conditions, estimates are exact, and in most conditions, estimates are within one percent of the actual noise rates.

Parameters:
• X (np.ndarray) – Input feature matrix of shape (N, ...), where N is the number of examples. The classifier that this instance was initialized with, clf, must be able to handle data with this shape.

• labels (np.ndarray) – A 1D array of shape (N,) containing class labels for a standard (multi-class) classification dataset. Some given labels may be erroneous. Elements must be integers in the set 0, 1, …, K-1, where K is the number of classes. All classes must be present in the dataset.

• clf (estimator instance, optional) –

A classifier implementing the sklearn estimator API.

• cv_n_folds (int, default 5) – The number of cross-validation folds used to compute out-of-sample probabilities for each example in X.

• thresholds (array_like, optional) –

An array of shape (K, 1) or (K,) of per-class threshold probabilities, used to determine the cutoff probability necessary to consider an example as a given class label (see Northcutt et al., 2021, Section 3.1, Equation 2).

This is for advanced users only. If not specified, these are computed for you automatically. If an example has a predicted probability greater than this threshold, it is counted as having true_label = k. This is not used for pruning/filtering, only for estimating the noise rates using confident counts.

• converge_latent_estimates (bool, optional) – If True, forces numerical consistency of estimates. Each is estimated independently, but they are related mathematically with closed form equivalences. This will iteratively make them mathematically consistent.

• py_method ({"cnt", "eqn", "marginal", "marginal_ps"}, default "cnt") – How to compute the latent prior p(true_label=k). Default is "cnt" as it often works well even when the noise matrices are estimated poorly by using the matrix diagonals instead of all the probabilities.

• seed (int, optional) – Set the default state of the random number generator used to split the cross-validated folds. If None, uses np.random current random state.

• clf_kwargs (dict, optional) – Optional keyword arguments to pass into clf’s fit() method.

• validation_func (callable, optional) – Specifies how to map the validation data split in cross-validation as input for clf.fit(). For details, see the documentation of CleanLearning.fit

Return type:

Tuple[ndarray, ndarray, ndarray, ndarray, ndarray]

Returns:

estimates (tuple) – A tuple of five arrays (py, noise matrix, inverse noise matrix, confident joint, predicted probability matrix).

Note

Multi-label classification is not supported in this method.

cleanlab.count.get_confident_thresholds(labels, pred_probs, multi_label=False)[source]#

Returns expected (average) “self-confidence” for each class.

The confident class threshold for a class j is the expected (average) “self-confidence” for class j, i.e. the model-predicted probability of this class averaged amongst all examples labeled as class j.

Parameters:
• labels (np.ndarray or list) – Given class labels for each example in the dataset, some of which may be erroneous, in same format expected by filter.find_label_issues function.

• pred_probs (np.ndarray) – Model-predicted class probabilities for each example in the dataset, in same format expected by filter.find_label_issues function.

• multi_label (bool, default = False) – Set False if your dataset is for regular (multi-class) classification, where each example belongs to exactly one class. Set True if your dataset is for multi-label classification, where each example can belong to multiple classes. See documentation of compute_confident_joint for details.

Return type:

ndarray

Returns:

confident_thresholds (np.ndarray) – An array of shape (K, ) where K is the number of classes.

cleanlab.count.num_label_issues(labels, pred_probs, *, confident_joint=None, estimation_method='off_diagonal', multi_label=False)[source]#

Estimates the number of label issues in a classification dataset. Use this method to get the most accurate estimate of number of label issues when you don’t need the indices of the examples with label issues.

Parameters:
• labels (np.ndarray or list) – Given class labels for each example in the dataset, some of which may be erroneous, in same format expected by filter.find_label_issues function.

• pred_probs (ndarray) – Model-predicted class probabilities for each example in the dataset, in same format expected by filter.find_label_issues function.

• confident_joint (Optional[ndarray]) – Array of estimated class label error statisics used for identifying label issues, in same format expected by filter.find_label_issues function. The confident_joint can be computed using count.compute_confident_joint. If not provided, it is internally computed from the given (noisy) labels and pred_probs.

• estimation_method (str) –

Method for estimating the number of label issues in dataset by counting the examples in the off-diagonal of the confident_joint P(label=i, true_label=j).
• 'off_diagonal': Counts the number of examples in the off-diagonal of the confident_joint. Returns the same value as sum(find_label_issues(filter_by='confident_learning'))

• 'off_diagonal_calibrated': Calibrates confident joint estimate P(label=i, true_label=j) such that

np.sum(cj) == len(labels) and np.sum(cj, axis = 1) == np.bincount(labels) before counting the number of examples in the off-diagonal. Number will always be equal to or greater than estimate_issues='off_diagonal'. You can use this value as the cutoff threshold used with ranking/scoring functions from cleanlab.rank with num_label_issues over estimation_method='off_diagonal' in two cases:

1. As we add more label and data quality scoring functions in cleanlab.rank, this approach will always work.

2. If you have a custom score to rank your data by label quality and you just need to know the cut-off of likely label issues.

TL;DR: use this method to get the most accurate estimate of number of label issues when you don’t need the indices of the label issues.

• multi_label (bool, optional) – Set False if your dataset is for regular (multi-class) classification, where each example belongs to exactly one class. Set True if your dataset is for multi-label classification, where each example can belong to multiple classes. See documentation of compute_confident_joint for details.

Return type:

int

Returns:

num_issues – The estimated number of examples with label issues in the dataset.